Glossary

• ACFM: The ICES Advisory Commitee for Fisheries Management. http://www.ices.dk/  
• Annelids: Annelida, a group of ringed or segmented worms including bristleworms, earthworms and leeches
• BBSRC: Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council. www.bbsrc.ac.uk
• Beam Trawl: Trawl in which the net is held open by a beam or spar, with a trawl head at each end. Used for catching flatfish.
• Belly: The Belly is the body of the trawl, its main purpose is to hold the fish and to lead them into the cod end. The belly is held between the square and the lengtheners
• Bosom: The central part of the trawl between the wings
• CCW: Countryside Council for Wales www.ccw.gov.uk
• Cephalopods: Cephalopoda, a class of mollusca with well developed head and eyes, and a crown of mobile tentacles
• Cod End: The tail end of a trawl which holds the fish. This is made up of two pieces of netting, which are usually double mesh netting positioned along the sides
• Copepod: A small planktonic crustacean
• Copepodite: A development stage of copepods which follows the nauplius stage. It is segmented with more than 3 pairs of appendages
• DECC: UK Government Department of Energy and Climate Change 
  http://www.decc.gov.uk/
• Defra: UK Government Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. www.defra.gov.uk
• Demersal: living or found in the deepest part of a body of water
• DfT: UK Government Department for Transport www.dft.gov.uk
• DTI: UK Government Department for Trade and Industry www.dti.gov.uk
• EDC: Electronic Data Capture
• ELISA: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
• EU: European Union europa.eu
• Euphausiids: Euphausiacea, an order of planktonic shrimp-like crustaceans including krill
• Eutrophication: The undesirable disturbance to ecosystem health and water quality that arises from nutrient enrichment caused by man's activity
• Flatfish: Species of fish that have a flat body and both eyes on the same side of the body, includes plaice, sole, dab, turbot and brill
• FSA: UK Governments Food Standards Agency. www.food.gov.uk
• Gadoid: A fish of the family of Cod, includes haddock, and hake
• Gill Net: Walls or compounds of netting are set out in a particular pattern so that fish are gilled tangled or trapped. The gears may be set anywhere between surface and seabed, and either anchored or allowed to drift freely
• GIS: Geographical Information System
• Heuristic: A rule of thumb, simplification, or educated guess that reduces or limits the search for solutions in domains that are difficult and poorly understood. Unlike algorithms, heuristics do not guarantee optimal, or even feasible, solutions and are often used with no theoretical guarantee
• Hsig - Significant wave height: is the average height (from wave crest to trough) of the one-third highest waves at a location during a wave measurement time period. It is a frequently used scientific, naval architecture, engineering, and operational planning wave parameter. Individual wave heights vary, so that a statistical description, such as significant wave height, is used to define wave heights over a time period
• IACMST: The Inter-Agency Committee on Marine Science and Technology
• ICES: International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. www.ices.dk
• IUCN: The World Conservsation Union. www.iucn.org
• JNCC: Joint Nature Conservation Committee www.jncc.gov.uk
• Lengtheners: Two pieces of netting which are joined along the sides to increase the trawl length between the belly and the cod end
• MAFF: UK Governments Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. This has been replaced by Defra
• Mean Water Level: the height above a fixed datum of the average water level over the sampling period
• Meiofauna: Animal life that is found on the bed of a river, lake, or sea thats small size means it is only just visible to the naked eye. Mobile benthic invertebrates that pass through a 42 or 63 micron mesh and are retained on a 500 micron mesh
• Nanotechnology: is a field of applied science and technology covering a very broad range of topics. The main unifying theme is the control of matter on a scale smaller than one micrometere. Nanotechnology cuts across many disciplines, including colloidal science, chemistry applied physics and biology. The impetus for nanotechnology has stemmed from a renewed interest in colloidal science, coupled with a new generation of analytical tools. Despite the great promise of numerous nanotechnologies such as quantum dots and nanotubes, real applications that have moved out of the lab and into the marketplace have mainly utilised colloidal nanoparticles in bulk form in products such as sunscreens, cosmetics, and protective coatings such as stain resistant clothing.
• Nauplii: Plural of nauplius, an early larval stage of many crustacean species. It is oval and unsegmented with 3 pairs of appendages
• NEAFC: The North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission. www.neafc.org
• Nephrops: A species of lobster, commonly called the Norwegian lobster or Dublin Bay Prawn/Scampi
• NERC: Natural Environment Research Council. www.nerc.ac.uk
• NFFO: The National Federation of Fishermen's Organisation. www.nffo.org.uk
• OSPAR: Oslo and Paris Commission www.ospar.org
• Otolith: A calcified structure used as part of the balance system in bony fishes.  The mineral structure changes over time and annual banding can be seen in the otolith allowing scientists to estimate the age of a fish. More Information 
• Otter Trawl: A trawl held open horizontally by otter boards
• Peak Wave direction: the mean direction at Tpeak
• Pelagic: The upper layers of a body of water
• POM: Princeton Ocean Model
• Recruitment: The number of new juvenile fish reaching a size where they come large enough to catch via commercial fishing methods
• Roundfish: Opposite to flatfish. Fish that have eyes on opposite sides of its body, includes cod, whiting , anglerfish, haddock and hake
• Seine Net: This is a bottom fishing method where fish are surrounded by warps laid out on the seabed with a trawl shaped net at mid lengths. As the warps are pulled in the fish are herded into the path of the net and caught
• Spawning Stock Biomass (SSB): An estimate of the total weight of fish from a given stock which are involved in the spawning process at spawning time. It is derived from estimates of numbers of fish at each age in the stock at spawning time, multiplied by the proportion mature at each age, and finally multiplied by the estimated average weight of an individual fish at each age
• Spread: the directional spread at Tpeak
• Square: The square is a single sheet of netting which joins the belly and the top wings and acts as a cover to prevent the fish from escaping the path of the trawl by swimming upwards clear of the net
• Top wing: There are two top wings to a trawl which are tapered along the half mesh on the inside selvedge and straight along the outer edge.  They have a dual purpose as they act as a side wall of the trawl and also additional fore cover joined to the square
• Tpeak - Dominant wave period: Dominant wave period, also called peak wave period, is the reciprocal of the center frequency of the frequency band that has the largest energy. Dominant wave period corresponds to the period of the larger waves that occurred during the measurement time period
• Tz - Average wave period: The average or mean wave period that is also called the zero-crossing wave period
• Wave direction convention: The wave direction convention defines wave direction as the direction from which waves come measured clockwise from magnetic north. Magnetic north is used instead of true north so that users can collect and process directional wave data without entering magnetic corrections before every deployment to account for local variations of the earth’s magnetic field. Corrections can be made after data collection and analysis to interpret wave directions in terms of true north
• Welsh Assembly Government: Rural Affairs Department www.wales.gov.uk / www.cymru.gov.uk