Disease data

Enteric Redmouth

Other diseases
Fish
Bacterial disease; Gram negative bacteria; Yersinia ruckeri

Summary from the online OIE Diagnostic Manual

Enteric redmouth disease (ERM) was first recognised as a serious infection of salmonid fish in the 1950s at a hatchery in the Hagerman Valley, Idaho, USA. It is caused by the bacterium Yersinia ruckeri and is an economically important disease, principally affecting farmed rainbow trout. However, the causal agent has been shown to be increasingly widespread in a variety of salmonid and other fish species, in many countries around the world. In the early stages of ERM, fish appear lethargic, dark in colour, and often exhibit a wasting condition due to anorexia. There may also be a characteristic reddening of the mouth, tongue, jaw area and operculum. Internal signs can be characterised by petichial haemorrhages in various tissues and the intestine can be filled with a yellow, mucoid material. Stress factors such as rising water temperatures, handling, etc. play an important role in the disease course. Control of ERM is normally achieved by good husbandry, immunization and the use of antimicrobial agents.

Countries affected

Country Year Status View Records

Species affected

Species Disease occurence Abstract

Countries affected

Country Year Status View Records
Switzerland 1986 Reported positive year View Records

Species affected

Species Disease occurence Abstract
Acipenser baeri Natural occurrence First isolation of Yersinia ruckeri from sturgeon, Acipenser baeri Brandt, in south west of France.
Anguilla anguilla Natural occurrence On the importance of enteric bacteria in the bacteriology of freshwater fish.
Astacus spp. Carrier not affected Yersinia ruckeri, the causal agent of enteric redmouth disease (ERM) in fish.
Carassius auratus Natural occurrence Isolation of Yersinia ruckeri type I (Hagerman strain) from goldfish Carassius auratus (L.).
Cathartes aura Carrier not affected Yersinia ruckeri, the causal agent of enteric redmouth disease (ERM) in fish.
Coregonidae spp. Natural occurrence Serological heterogeneity of recent isolates of Yersinia ruckeri from Ontario and British Columbia.
Coregonus artedii Natural occurrence Biochemical and serological characteristics of Ontario isolates of Yersinia ruckeri.
Cyprinidae spp. Natural occurrence A comparison of the physical, biochemical and seroloogical parameters of European isolates of Yersinia ruckeri.
Cyprinus carpio Natural occurrence On the importance of enteric bacteria in the bacteriology of freshwater fish.
Dicentrarchus labrax Experimental demonstration Susceptibility of sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, and turbot, Scophthalmus maximus, to Yersinia ruckeri .
Esox lucius Natural occurrence A comparison of the physical, biochemical and seroloogical parameters of European isolates of Yersinia ruckeri.
Falco sparverius Carrier not affected Yersinia ruckeri, the causal agent of enteric redmouth disease (ERM) in fish.
Homo sapiens Carrier not affected Yersinia ruckeri, the causal agent of enteric redmouth disease (ERM) in fish.
Larus argentatus Carrier not affected Birds and fish as potential vectors of Yersinia ruckeri.
Larus marinus Carrier not affected Birds and fish as potential vectors of Yersinia ruckeri.
Lota lota Natural occurrence Isolation of Yersinia ruckeri from burbot, Lota lota (L.), from the Mackenzie River, Canada.
Notropis atherinoides Natural occurrence Concurrent infections: ERM and furunculosis found in emerald shiners.
Oncorhynchus kisutch Natural occurrence Yersinia ruckeri, the causal agent of enteric redmouth disease (ERM) in fish.
Oncorhynchus mykiss Experimental demonstration Description of a bacterium associated with redmouth disease of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri).
Oncorhynchus mykiss Natural occurrence Yersinia ruckeri in Portugal: characterization of the first isolates from fish and environment.
Oncorhynchus mykiss Natural occurrence Redmouth disease of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri).
Oncorhynchus mykiss Natural occurrence Description of a bacterium associated with redmouth disease of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri).
Oncorhynchus nerka Natural occurrence Redmouth disease of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri).
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Natural occurrence An epizootic in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) caused by a sorbitol-positive serovar 2 strain of Yersinia ruckeri.
Ondatra zibethicus Carrier not affected Biochemical and serological characteristics of Ontario isolates of Yersinia ruckeri.
Perca fluviatilis Natural occurrence Occurrence and pathogenicity of Yersinia ruckeri at fish farms in northern and central Finland.
Pimephales promelas Natural occurrence A clinical case of enteric redmouth in minnows (Pimephales promelas) imported in Europe as bait-fish.
Pollachius virens Natural occurrence Birds and fish as potential vectors of Yersinia ruckeri.
Rutilus rutilus Natural occurrence A comparison of the physical, biochemical and seroloogical parameters of European isolates of Yersinia ruckeri.
Salmo clarki Natural occurrence Serological heterogeneity of recent isolates of Yersinia ruckeri from Ontario and British Columbia.
Salmo salar Experimental demonstration An epizootic in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) caused by a sorbitol-positive serovar 2 strain of Yersinia ruckeri.
Salmo salar Natural occurrence The first isolation of Yersinia ruckeri from farmed Norwegian salmon.
Salmo salar Natural occurrence Birds and fish as potential vectors of Yersinia ruckeri.
Salmo trutta Natural occurrence On the importance of enteric bacteria in the bacteriology of freshwater fish.
Salvelinus alpinus Natural occurrence Birds and fish as potential vectors of Yersinia ruckeri.
Salvelinus fontinalis Experimental demonstration An epizootic in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) caused by a sorbitol-positive serovar 2 strain of Yersinia ruckeri.
Salvelinus malma Natural occurrence Serological heterogeneity of recent isolates of Yersinia ruckeri from Ontario and British Columbia.
Salvelinus namaycush Natural occurrence Serological heterogeneity of recent isolates of Yersinia ruckeri from Ontario and British Columbia.
Scophthalmus maximus (Psetta maxima) Experimental demonstration First isolation of Yersinia ruckeri from sturgeon, Acipenser baeri Brandt, in south west of France.
Scophthalmus maximus (Psetta maxima) Natural occurrence Pathologie des poissons élevés en mer.
Solea solea Experimental demonstration First isolation of Yersinia ruckeri from sturgeon, Acipenser baeri Brandt, in south west of France.
Sparus aurata Experimental demonstration First isolation of Yersinia ruckeri from sturgeon, Acipenser baeri Brandt, in south west of France.
Thymallus thymallus Natural occurrence Yersinia ruckeri in Italian trout farms: Epizootiological considerations.

Countries affected

Country Year Status View Records
Switzerland 1986 Reported positive year View Records

Species affected

Species Disease occurence Abstract
Acipenser baeri Natural occurrence First isolation of Yersinia ruckeri from sturgeon, Acipenser baeri Brandt, in south west of France.
Anguilla anguilla Natural occurrence On the importance of enteric bacteria in the bacteriology of freshwater fish.
Astacus spp. Carrier not affected Yersinia ruckeri, the causal agent of enteric redmouth disease (ERM) in fish.
Carassius auratus Natural occurrence Isolation of Yersinia ruckeri type I (Hagerman strain) from goldfish Carassius auratus (L.).
Cathartes aura Carrier not affected Yersinia ruckeri, the causal agent of enteric redmouth disease (ERM) in fish.
Coregonidae spp. Natural occurrence Serological heterogeneity of recent isolates of Yersinia ruckeri from Ontario and British Columbia.
Coregonus artedii Natural occurrence Biochemical and serological characteristics of Ontario isolates of Yersinia ruckeri.
Cyprinidae spp. Natural occurrence A comparison of the physical, biochemical and seroloogical parameters of European isolates of Yersinia ruckeri.
Cyprinus carpio Natural occurrence On the importance of enteric bacteria in the bacteriology of freshwater fish.
Dicentrarchus labrax Experimental demonstration Susceptibility of sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, and turbot, Scophthalmus maximus, to Yersinia ruckeri .
Esox lucius Natural occurrence A comparison of the physical, biochemical and seroloogical parameters of European isolates of Yersinia ruckeri.
Falco sparverius Carrier not affected Yersinia ruckeri, the causal agent of enteric redmouth disease (ERM) in fish.
Homo sapiens Carrier not affected Yersinia ruckeri, the causal agent of enteric redmouth disease (ERM) in fish.
Larus argentatus Carrier not affected Birds and fish as potential vectors of Yersinia ruckeri.
Larus marinus Carrier not affected Birds and fish as potential vectors of Yersinia ruckeri.
Lota lota Natural occurrence Isolation of Yersinia ruckeri from burbot, Lota lota (L.), from the Mackenzie River, Canada.
Notropis atherinoides Natural occurrence Concurrent infections: ERM and furunculosis found in emerald shiners.
Oncorhynchus kisutch Natural occurrence Yersinia ruckeri, the causal agent of enteric redmouth disease (ERM) in fish.
Oncorhynchus mykiss Experimental demonstration Description of a bacterium associated with redmouth disease of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri).
Oncorhynchus mykiss Natural occurrence Yersinia ruckeri in Portugal: characterization of the first isolates from fish and environment.
Oncorhynchus mykiss Natural occurrence Redmouth disease of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri).
Oncorhynchus mykiss Natural occurrence Description of a bacterium associated with redmouth disease of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri).
Oncorhynchus nerka Natural occurrence Redmouth disease of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri).
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Natural occurrence An epizootic in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) caused by a sorbitol-positive serovar 2 strain of Yersinia ruckeri.
Ondatra zibethicus Carrier not affected Biochemical and serological characteristics of Ontario isolates of Yersinia ruckeri.
Perca fluviatilis Natural occurrence Occurrence and pathogenicity of Yersinia ruckeri at fish farms in northern and central Finland.
Pimephales promelas Natural occurrence A clinical case of enteric redmouth in minnows (Pimephales promelas) imported in Europe as bait-fish.
Pollachius virens Natural occurrence Birds and fish as potential vectors of Yersinia ruckeri.
Rutilus rutilus Natural occurrence A comparison of the physical, biochemical and seroloogical parameters of European isolates of Yersinia ruckeri.
Salmo clarki Natural occurrence Serological heterogeneity of recent isolates of Yersinia ruckeri from Ontario and British Columbia.
Salmo salar Experimental demonstration An epizootic in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) caused by a sorbitol-positive serovar 2 strain of Yersinia ruckeri.
Salmo salar Natural occurrence The first isolation of Yersinia ruckeri from farmed Norwegian salmon.
Salmo salar Natural occurrence Birds and fish as potential vectors of Yersinia ruckeri.
Salmo trutta Natural occurrence On the importance of enteric bacteria in the bacteriology of freshwater fish.
Salvelinus alpinus Natural occurrence Birds and fish as potential vectors of Yersinia ruckeri.
Salvelinus fontinalis Experimental demonstration An epizootic in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) caused by a sorbitol-positive serovar 2 strain of Yersinia ruckeri.
Salvelinus malma Natural occurrence Serological heterogeneity of recent isolates of Yersinia ruckeri from Ontario and British Columbia.
Salvelinus namaycush Natural occurrence Serological heterogeneity of recent isolates of Yersinia ruckeri from Ontario and British Columbia.
Scophthalmus maximus (Psetta maxima) Experimental demonstration First isolation of Yersinia ruckeri from sturgeon, Acipenser baeri Brandt, in south west of France.
Scophthalmus maximus (Psetta maxima) Natural occurrence Pathologie des poissons élevés en mer.
Solea solea Experimental demonstration First isolation of Yersinia ruckeri from sturgeon, Acipenser baeri Brandt, in south west of France.
Sparus aurata Experimental demonstration First isolation of Yersinia ruckeri from sturgeon, Acipenser baeri Brandt, in south west of France.
Thymallus thymallus Natural occurrence Yersinia ruckeri in Italian trout farms: Epizootiological considerations.