Species data

Common names

Name:

Clam, Manila

Family:

Venus clams

Name:

Bivalve shellfish

Latin names

Name:

Ruditapes philippinarum

Family:

Veneridae

Name:

Teleodesmacea

Diseases affected

Disease name	Occurance	Reference
Infection with Perkinsus olseni	Experimental demonstration	Cross-infection with Perkinsus atlanticus in Ruditapes decussatus, Ruditapes philippinarum and Venerupis pullastra. Development and validation of a specific real-time PCR assay for the detection of the parasite Perkinsus olseni Development of duplex TaqMan-based real-time PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of Perkinsus olseni and P. chesapeaki in host Manila clam tissue samples Diagnostic potential of digital polymerase chain reaction for quantification of the protozoan parasite Perkinsus olseni in the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum Enhanced growth, gonad maturation, and low-level parasite infection in juvenile Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum cultured in subtidal cages on the south coast of Korea Mortality of Spats of Manila Clam Ruditapes philippinarum Experimentally Challenged with the Protozoan Parasite Perkinsus olseni New insights into the entrance of Perkinsus olseni in the Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum New insights into the Manila clam - Perkinsus olseni interaction based on gene expression analysis of clam hemocytes and parasite trophozoites through in vitro challenges
Infection with Perkinsus olseni	Natural occurrence	OIE Aquatic Animal Health Code 2005 [8th edition] OIE Manual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animals (5th edition, 2006).
Infection with Perkinsus olseni	Unknown	Pathological survey of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum and Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas in Garorim Bay on the west coast of Korea Perkinsus olseni infection in juvenile and small Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum on the west coast of Korea surveyed in 2008 and 2010
Infection with Perkinsus olseni	Natural occurrence	Principal parasites observed in clams, Ruditapes decussatus (L.), Ruditapes phillippinarium (Adams et Reeve), Venerupis pullastra (Montagu) and Venerupis aureus (Gmelin), from the Huelva coast (S.W. Spain).
Infection with Perkinsus olseni	Experimental demonstration	Survey on Perkinsus species in Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum in Korean waters using species-specific PCR The effects of environmental and nutritional conditions on the development of Perkinsus olseni prezoosporangia
Perkinsea	Natural occurrence	OIE Diagnostic Manual for Aquatic Animal Diseases 2003 (4th edition). World Animal Health in 1997. Part 1. Reports on the animal health status and disease control methods.

Countries affected

Country	Reference
Italy	Massive mortality in Manila clams (Ruditapes philippinarum) farmed in the Lagoon of Venice, caused by Perkinsus olseni.
Japan	Impact of Perkinsus olseni infection on a wild population of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum in Ariake Bay, Japan
Korea, Republic of	Enhanced growth, gonad maturation, and low-level parasite infection in juvenile Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum cultured in subtidal cages on the south coast of Korea Pathological survey of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum and Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas in Garorim Bay on the west coast of Korea Perkinsus olseni infection in juvenile and small Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum on the west coast of Korea surveyed in 2008 and 2010 Seasonal changes in Perkinsus olseni infection and gametogenesis in manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, from Seonjaedo Island in Incheon, off the west coast of Korea. Use of molecular markers for species identification of Korean Perkinsus sp isolated from Manila clams Ruditapes philippinarum.

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